RESUMO
Social determinants of health are a major contributing factor to health inequalities and have important effects on the health of the population. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of overweight/obesity in native and immigrant children aged 2-14 years residing in Spain, and to explore its relationship with socioeconomic factors, habits, and living and health conditions. This study used data from the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey, which collects health information on the population residing in Spain. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the risk of overweight/obesity controlling for the variables of interest. The final sample consisted of 2351 households. Children of immigrant origin had a significantly higher overall prevalence of overweight and/or obesity than natives, both in boys (40.5% vs. 29.5%) and girls (44.8% vs. 30.3%), and a higher adjusted risk of overweight/obesity (OR = 1.67). In addition, it has been observed that children of immigrant origin were at higher risk of consuming sugary soft drinks, exercising less, and using screens more. In conclusion, the increased risk of having different habits that may contribute to developing excess weight and of having overweight/obesity in children with a migrant background should guide public health policies and interventions, emphasizing those groups at higher risk and incorporating considerations of socioeconomic inequalities.
Assuntos
Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Obesidade Pediátrica , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/etiologia , Obesidade Pediátrica/complicações , Obesidade Pediátrica/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Espanha/epidemiologiaRESUMO
La alimentación y la nutrición adecuadas son el primer y el más importante de los derechos humanos fundamentales y de los determinantes de la salud de las personas. Con el propósito de ayudar a reducir el impacto del hambre y facilitar el control y la eliminación de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas (ETDs), contribuyendo al alcance de la seguridad alimentaria en la población escolar del Departamento de Chinandega (Nicaragua), se desarrolló el proyecto piloto Hambre, miseria y enfermedad: el papel de la nutrición en las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas (ETDs) en Nicaragua. El presente artículo documenta esta experiencia. Para conseguir los objetivos planteados se organizó una jornada científica con expertos en nutrición y en las ETDs, un panel elaboró las conclusiones que sirvieron para la redacción del documento de consenso, en el cual se fundamentó la elaboración de los materiales a ser utilizados en la intervención educativa: Alimentación para crecer sano, manual dirigido a los promotores de salud y Manual de estrategias educativas: alimentación para crecer sano dirigido a los escolares. Se realizaron cuatro jornadas de capacitación que inicialmente involucró a 80 maestros de 20 escuelas, y que en la última jornada logró sumar 145 docentes. Seguidamente se desarrolló la fase de multiplicación en las escuelas, con la participación de 2.327 niños de entre 7 y 14 años de edad. En esta experiencia la receptividad de los docentes, la mejora en sus habilidades y conocimientos son una garantía para la replicación en los niños y niñas(AU)
Food and proper nutrition are the first and most important of fundamental human rights and the determinants of health of people. In order to help reduce the impact of hunger and facilitate the control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), contributing to the extent of food safety in the school population of the Department of Chinandega (Nicaragua), the pilot project Hunger, misery and disease: the role of nutrition in neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Nicaragua was developed. This article documents this experience. To achieve the goals a scientific conference with experts in nutrition and NTDs was organized, a panel drew conclusions that were used for drafting the consensus document in which the development of the materials was based to be used in the intervention education: A Food to grow healthy manual aimed at health promoters and a Manual of educational strategies: healthy food for growth aimed at schoolchildren. Four days of training initially involved 80 teachers from 20 schools were made, and on the last day managed to reach 145 teachers. Then the multiplication phase in schools was developed with the participation of 2,327 children between 7 and 14 years old. In this experience the receptivity of teachers, improving their skills and knowledge are a guarantee for replication in children(AU)